Dog

Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: Permission denied in /home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line 12

Warning: mkdir() [function.mkdir]: No such file or directory in /home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line 12

Warning: fopen(/home/templatecore2cache//*cluesnet.com/69/69a3500c77911b67b0d1831cdcac4867e9dc1bb2.tc2cache) [function.fopen]: failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line 130

Warning: fwrite(): supplied argument is not a valid stream resource in /home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line 131

Warning: fclose(): supplied argument is not a valid stream resource in /home/webs/affiliatelib2/CacheManager.php on line 132

A digital on-screen graphic (known in the United Kingdom and New Zealand by the acronym DOG; in the United States and Canada as a bug; and in Australia as a watermark) is a watermark-like station logo that many television broadcasters overlay over a portion of the screen-area of their programs to assist viewers in identifying the channel. They are thus a form of permanent visual station identification, increasing brand recognition and asserting Signal theft. In some cases, the graphic also shows the name of the current program. Some networks use an on-screen graphic to advertise later programs in the day's television schedule—this is generally displayed after the opening, during in-programme credits, and when returning from a commercial break. Usually in United States sportscasts (such as on CBS and NBC), the "bug" is moved to the top-right corner of the screen.

The graphic identifies the source of programming even if it is time shifting—that is, recorded to videotape, DVD, or via a digital personal video recorder such as TiVo. Many of these technologies allow viewers to skip or omit traditional between-programming station identification.

Usage Many news broadcasters place a clock alongside their DOG, giving it legitimacy if it is moved into an unorthodox position, such as the bottom left. In the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, DOGs may also include the show's TV Parental Guidelines. In Australia, this is known as a Program Return Graphic (PRG).

During televised sports events, a DOG may also display a few game-related statistics such as the current score. This has led many people in Canada and the United States to refer to it as a score bug.

United Kingdom In the UK, DOGs most commonly appear in the top-left hand corner on British channels. DOGs were first used on satellite television and cable television systems in their early days, when broadcasts were unmarked. Five (channel) was the first to use DOGs on an analogue terrestrial channel in 1997. The DOG was originally very bright and noticeable, and was soon toned down. Channel 5 said that the DOG was used to assist viewers in tuning to the new channel once its test transmissions had ceased. Following the rebrand to "five" in 2002 the DOG disappeared until October 2007.

The BBC has a DOG on each of its digital-only channels. The DOGs appear in the top left hand corner on all channels but BBC News 24 (which is bottom left and forms part of integrated information graphics) and it's international counterpart BBC World (which has both have a static and similar to News 24), and whilst BBC Three, BBC Four and BBC Parliament have static DOGs, the ones on the CBBC Channel and CBeebies feature moving elements. ITV also uses DOGs on all its channels besides ITV1.

On British digital systems such as Sky Digital (UK & Ireland) and Freeview, where channels have a set Electronic Program Guide number and a name displayed across the bottom of the screen when changing channel, large or intrusive DOGs have been deemed unnecessary by some users. More recent additions are graphics which appear at the end of a program to tell the viewer what's up next, despite this information being available at a touch of a button on digital TV. Many viewers find this practice annoying, distracting and unnecessary. Moving animated DOGs are already used by some channels such as the MTV UK channels. More4 is the only British network that has an almost transparent logo like the American style and, along with its sister channel E4, the DOG stays in the far corner of the screen during widescreen programmes, with most other channels keeping theirs within the 4:3 "safe area".

===United States===The first network in the United States to produce a score bug was American Broadcasting Company, which used one on the telecast of the 1994 in sports#Auto Racing Kobalt Tools 500 NASCAR event. A transparent digit counted down the number of laps remaining in the race. A similar bug was used during ABC's telecast of the 1994 Indianapolis 500 and 1994 Brickyard 400. ABC also incorporated the Sports Bug for their 1994 World Cup coverage, providing the time and score on the game as well as enabling advertiser sponsorship to broadcast games without interruptions. Later that fall, Fox Broadcasting Company introduced a full-score bug for its National Football League NFL on FOX, known as the "FoxBox (sports)", as did cable network ESPN. American Broadcasting Company expanded theirs to Monday Night Football in 1996 NFL season. CBS introduced their's upon returning to the NFL in the fall of 1998 NFL season, and NBC in 2001 in sports#Football (American) during its coverage of the XFL.

The first score banner, which takes up the top of the screen, was used for minor league hockey broadcasts by SportsChannel New York in their coverage of the Albany River Rats of the American Hockey League during the National Hockey League lockout of 1994-95. It was the brainchild of director Joe O'Rourke, and was implemented by producer Roland Dratch and font coordinator Dave Katz. FOX then used the score banner for its NASCAR coverage in 2001. FOX then expanded the scoring banner to NFL and baseball coverage. Fox Sports Net also uses a scoring banner for basketball, hockey, baseball and soccer coverage, as do many other local broadcasters of sporting events.] ABC introduced a FOX-like banner, but along the bottom of the screen, for Monday Night Football in 2005, its last year of the franchise. The network introduced a revised version February 5, 2006, during an NBA game, as well as during that day's presentation of Super Bowl XL, which quickly became used for all sports on the network. ABC returned to a bug in September when the sports division became ESPN on ABC, however, the ESPN networks and ABC have since gone to banners, except for ESPN Plus regional college football and basketball and ESPNU telecasts, where the bugs are still used. NBC also began using a scoring banner, along the bottom like ABC's, in 2005 for its coverage of Notre Dame Fighting Irish football home game telecasts, which also quickly became used for all sports on the network except for hockey, where the banner runs atop the screen, which have been adapted by Canadian broadcasters, CBC, Rogers Sports Net and TSN. The networks of Turner Broadcasting System currently still use traditional score bugs. ESPN began using a banner starting with the 2006 FIFA World Cup and Major League Baseball Home Run Derby, a bottom-screen banner for NBA and AFL telecasts and in 2007, a top-screen banner for NASCAR and baseball telecasts, plus a center-screen bug for their Monday Night Football telecasts. Starting in 2007, they added banners for college football and it is expected that banners will be used in college basketball telecasts. In addition, ESPN's college football telecasts added three yellow stripes (representing the timeouts the team has left) to the banner. In 2006, CBS began using a bottom-of-the-screen banner for NCAA Basketball telecasts but retains the traditional box for all football broadcasts, both college and professional. The one exception among all the networks is motor racing, as all of them will use the banner for these races. In 2007, Turner Broadcasting System began using a top-screen banner for postseason baseball broadcasts.

Some type of continuous graphic indicating time, score or standings are now used in every major sport televised in the U.S., except golf. In that sport, leaderboards are still flashed on and off screen at regular intervals, with a full rundown every half hour or so.

In the United Kingdom, score bugs are commonly known as scorebars. The first major British network to carry scorebars in their televised sports games was British Sky Broadcasting. Other terrestrial networks followed suit, and all football (soccer) games on the BBC, ITV and Five (TV) now use scorebars. Like in the United States, the scorebar is traditionally placed in the top left-hand corner of the screen, an exception occurring at the beginning of the 2007-08 football season, when Sky Sports experimented with a bar at the bottom-left of the screen. This scorebar was not popular though, and by September it had been returned to the top left of the screen.

From its inception, cable network VH-1 commonly used a bug in the corner of the screen while broadcasting music videos for copyright purposes. MTV also did the same, beginning in 1993. MTV first began using a bug while videos were shown on the program Beavis and Butt-head, displaying the show's logo during the videos (but not Beavis and Butt-head's commentary of them).

Canada Canadian networks display logo bugs the same way as the UK and the US, with only minor differences. Canada often Simultaneous substitution a program over a US station, which often replaces the US station's logo bug. However on some programs, like The View, The Price Is Right and The Daily Show the US bugs for ABC, CBS and Comedy Central, respectively, cannot be moved. CTV, A-Channel and The Comedy Network responded by placing their logo in a large black circle superimposed over the screen (or in A-Channel's case, used a opaque version of their logo), to cover the US bug. This is usually considered a nuissance as it covers a lower portion of the screen. Other stations, like Global, E!, and TSN, will usually place the bug in a different corner of the screen: during broadcasts like Saturday Night Live, the Global bug was formerly placed in the upper left corner before NBC moved theirs to the lower left, and TSN will usually move theirs to the bottom left corner during sports broadcasts such as golf coverage on ABC. Also during sports coverage, the network's announcers will sometimes advertise a show from their network, accompanied by graphics and a small video of the program that is being advertised. This can cause confusion with Canadian viewers: For example, if Global is sim-subbing a football game being shown by CBS, and CBS runs an ad for Jericho (TV series), and even worse if the announcer says the advertised program is "HERE on CBS", viewers may tune in to watch the advertised program on Global, not realizing that Jericho is actually broadcast in Canada by A-Channel.

Canadian sports sim-subs are also unable to mask US score bugs, like those of CBS and ESPN.

Adverse effects While most bugs are simply small, transparent logos, some are not transparent and a few are large. Nickelodeon GAS uses their normal logo in the conventional size, but because it is not transparent, it blocks the timers that are commonly used in their programs. Both Disney Channel and sibling Toon Disney use a transparent logo, but it is larger than usual. Some are not entirely transparent, and may slightly obscure the item they are in front of, like the bug used by Nickelodeon (TV channel).

The US Cable channels Animal Planet and The History Channel both have large, colorful, and sometimes moving bugs which viewers may find to be distracting.

Furthermore, there have also been reports of TV screens being damaged by phosphor burn-in, when a channel displaying a non-transparent logo has been left on for a prolonged period of time. Plasma display manufacturers warn that burn-in time can be as low as 10 hours for a high contrast static image.

Connections with sponsor tags Another graphic on television usually connected with sports is the sponsor tag. It shows the logos of certain sponsors, accompanied by some background relevant to the game, the network logo, announcement and music of some kind.

See also

News ticker
Lower thirds

External links

DOG Watch! - 625.uk.com - Website documenting and questioning the use of DOGs on British television
The UK Campaign for Logo Free TV - Group against the use of DOGs on British television

dog.biz the Worldwide Canine Community
dog.biz, online dog show entry sytem ... This is the Higham Press - Online Dog Show Data Entry System. We trust that you find this new web site helpful and easy to use.

BBC - Science & Nature - Pets - Dogs
Cat fact file ... History Dogs are part of the Canidae, a family including wolves, coyotes and foxes, thought to have evolved 60 million years ago.

UK dogs shop for treats, gifts, training, breeder, health, collars ...
DOGS.CO.UK - UK dogs shop for treats, gifts, training, breeder, health, collar ... This site is dedicated to all dog lovers, dog owners and breeders.

Dog Toys, Dog Accessories & Dog Supplies at Dog-Toy.co.uk
Dog Toy UK stocks dog toys, dog accessories & supplies for dogs. In their range of pet toys and dog accessories are indestructible dog toys ideal for all dogs.

Battersea Dogs & Cats Home - Welcome
Aiming to rescue, reunite, rehabilitate and rehome lost and abandoned dogs and cats.

Our Dogs Newspaper | dog show, crufts, book, breeder, puppy, pedigree ...
Offers show news, reviews, reports, results, photographs, and dates, along with classifieds and directory of breeders.

Dogs & Puppies - Cats & Kittens - Pets for Sale at Pets4Homes UK
Find Dogs, Puppies, Cats, Kittens for sale at the UKs most popular free pet advertising site for pedigree and non pedigree dogs, puppies, cats, kittens and other pets.

Dogs Trust
The UK's largest dog welfare charity, outreach programs, education, information, dogs for rehoming, legislation and campaigning.

German Shepherd Puppies Dogs Breeders GSD German Shepherd Dog ...
Scotland based nonprofit charity serving most of the United Kingdom. Listing of available dogs, success stories, contacts, and links.

Dog Rescue Pages - UK rescue centre and shelter guide
A guide for everyone intending to adopt a dog. Details of dog rescue centres, sanctuaries, shelters, homes and breed-rescue organisations throughout the UK